Origin and Nature of Ethnic Fragmentation in Kenya Since 1960

Abstract

This research article underscored ethnic fragmentation in Kenya by dwelling on its origin and nature since 1960. It reviewed various literatures and filled the gaps that emerged. Additionally, the research article utilized historical research design since the study was qualitative in nature. It was conducted in Bungoma, Busia, Kakamega, Kisumu, Kisii, Homabay and Siaya. It utilized purposive and snowballing sampling techniques to collect data. Moreover, the article employed pragmatism and the Instrumental Marxism Theory which shed light on the historical and structural factors underlying Kenya's ethnic fragmentation. The research article found that; ethnic politics was deliberately introduced and propagated in the Kenyan political system by the British colonial government through its divisive ‘divide and rule’ policy to actualize colonial and imperialist economic and political objectives. The article concludes that; while historical and structural factors have significantly influenced Kenya’s ethnic fragmentation, emerging national identities alongside ethnic affiliations indicate a potential shift towards more inclusive national unity.